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LDL

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is commonly called 'bad cholesterol,' but this label oversimplifies a complex picture. LDL isn't actually cholesterol—it's a transport particle that carries cholesterol, fats, and other substances from your liver to cells throughout your body. What matters more than total LDL is the particle size and number: small, dense LDL particles are associated with heart disease risk, while large, fluffy LDL particles appear relatively harmless. High triglycerides and low HDL are better predictors of small, dense LDL than total LDL itself. Many people on low-carb or keto diets see LDL increase, but often it's the large particles increasing while metabolic health markers (triglycerides, blood sugar, insulin, blood pressure) improve dramatically—suggesting the LDL change may not be harmful in this context.

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Lower‑carb guidance in a UK GP practice led to 46% drug‑free type 2 diabetes remission and 93% normalization of prediabetes, with significant drops in HbA1c, weight, BP, and triglycerides.

Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Japanese Community

Mayu Higashioka, Satoko Sakata, Takanori Honda, Jun Hata, Daigo Yoshida, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Mao Shibata, Kenichi Goto, Takanari Kitazono, Haruhiko Osawa, Toshiharu Ninomiya

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 2020

Small, dense LDL—not total LDL—best flagged future heart disease risk. Even with normal LDL, high sdLDL doubled risk.